Ka'idodin Binciken Haɗin Ƙarfe na ISO:
(1) ISO 4967: 2013
TS EN ISO 4967: 2013 "Ƙaddarar abun ciki wanda ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe - daidaitaccen tsarin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira" ya maye gurbin TS 4967-1998, amma abubuwan da ke cikin sa sun sami canje-canje kaɗan kawai, kuma hanyar binciken sa da taswirar ƙima ba su canza ba.GB/T 10561-2005 sun karɓi sigar 1988 na wannan ma'auni daidai gwargwado.
(2) ISO 9341-1996
TS EN ISO 9341-1996 Na'urorin gani da kayan aikin gani - Tabbatar da rashin cika abubuwan haɗawa da lahani na saman a cikin tsayayyen ruwan tabarau na sadarwa - Kashi 9341-1996An dakatar da shi a cikin 2006 kuma an maye gurbin shi da ISO 18369.3: 2006 "Optics da kayan aikin gani - ruwan tabarau na lamba - Sashe na 3: Hanyoyin gwaji".
Ƙididdigan haɗaɗɗen haɗakar da ba na ƙarfe ba na Amurka:
(1) ASTM B796-2014
ASTM B796-2014 "Hanyar gwaji don abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ɓangarorin foda da aka ƙirƙira", maye gurbin ASTM B796-2007, ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun matakan haɗaɗɗun ƙarfe a cikin sassan ƙirƙira foda, yana buƙatar gano 100% porosity a cikin ainihin yankin. na samfurin.Idan akwai gibba, yana da wuya a rarrabe rafukan da suka rage daga abubuwan da aka haɗa da oxide.
(2) ASTM E45-2013
ASTM E45-2013 "Hanyar Gwaji don Ƙayyade abun ciki a cikin Karfe" shine ma'aunin binciken haɗakar da ƙarfe wanda ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyin bincike na macroscopic guda huɗu da hanyoyin bincike na microscopic guda biyar (binciken hannu da hoto) don bayyana abun ciki na haɗawa a cikin ƙarfe. da kuma hanyar bayar da rahoto na sakamakon dubawa.Hanyoyi guda biyar na duba ƙananan ƙananan sun haɗa da: Hanya (mafi kyawun filin kallo), Hanyar B (hanyar tsayi), hanyar C (hanyar oxide da silicate) Hanyar D (hanyar ƙaramar abun ciki) da kuma hanyar E (hanyar ƙimar SAM);ASTM E45 ta kafa jerin taswirar ma'auni (taswirar JK da taswirar SAE) don bayyana halaye (girma, nau'in, da yawa) na abubuwan haɗawa na yau da kullun.Ana iya samun taswirar SAE a cikin tsarin aikin J422 da aka ba da shawarar a cikin littafin SAE;Hanyoyin Hanya A (mafi kyawun ra'ayi), Hanyar D (ƙananan abun ciki), da kuma Hanyar E (SAM rating) an tsara su bisa ga JK spectra, yayin da Hanyar C (hanyoyin oxide da silicate) sun yi amfani da spectra SAE.
(3) ASTM E1122-1996
ASTM E1122-1996 "Hanyarin Gwaji na Daidaita don Ƙayyade Matsayin Haɗa JK ta Binciken Hoto ta atomatik" an dakatar da shi a cikin 2006 kuma an haɗa shi cikin sabuwar ASTM E45-2013 da aka sabunta, Hanyoyin A da D.
(4) ASTM E1245-2003 (2008)
ASTM E1245-2003 (2008) "Hanyarin gwaji na yau da kullun don Ƙaddamar Haɗawa ko Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mataki na Biyu a cikin Karfe ta Binciken Hoto Mai sarrafa kansa."Ya dace don amfani da hanyar hoto ta atomatik don kimanta abubuwan da ke cikin haɗe-haɗe da ƙananan ƙananan sassa na biyu a cikin karafa.Saboda tarwatsawa da rashin tsinkaya na ɓangarorin haɗaɗɗiyar waje, wannan ƙa'idar ba ta da amfani don ƙididdige abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin ƙarfe ko wasu karafa.
(5) ASTM E2142-2008
ASTM E2142-2008 "Hanyar Gwaji don Kima da Rarraba Haɗawa a cikin Karfe ta Binciken Electron Microscope".Dangane da hanyoyin da aka kayyade a cikin ASTM E45 da ASTM E1245, ana yin ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙimar haɗa abun ciki a cikin ƙarfe ta amfani da microscope na lantarki;Ƙididdigar ƙima, girma, da rarraba ilimin halittar jiki na haɗawa an rarraba su bisa ga hanyoyin sinadarai.
(6) ASTM E2283-2008 (2014)
Kamar yadda aka sani, gazawar kayan aikin injiniya irin su gears da bearings galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar kasancewar babban adadin abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba.Duban gani da ido na abubuwan da suka gaza sau da yawa yana gano kasancewar abubuwan haɗawa.Hasashen rayuwar gajiyar abubuwan da suka gaza ba za a iya kimanta su da kyau ta hanyar haɗa ma'aunin bincike kamar ASTM E45, ASTM E1122, da ASTM E1245.ASTM E2283-2008 (2014) "Lambar don Nazarin Mahimman Ƙimar Ƙarfa na Ƙarfe da Sauran Halayen Ƙananan Ƙarfe" sun fito a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan.Wannan ma'auni yana ƙirƙira daidaitaccen hanya ta yin amfani da matsanancin ƙima, wanda ke da alaƙa da rayuwar sassan da rarraba girman haɗawa.Kamar ASTM E1245-2003 (2008), wannan ma'auni ba ya aiki don kimanta abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin ƙarfe da sauran ƙarfe.
Ƙididdiga masu haɗawa da ba na ƙarfe ba na Jamus:
(1) DIN 50602-1985
DIN 50602-1985 "Hanyar gwajin microscopic don kimanta abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe mai inganci ta amfani da zane-zane na ƙarfe" ana amfani da shi sosai azaman hanyar gwajin microscopic daidaitaccen abun ciki mara ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe mai inganci, wanda aka ambata sama da 120. matsayin samfur.Wannan ma'auni yana raba abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe zuwa nau'i huɗu: nau'in SS, nau'in OA, nau'in OS, da nau'in OG, wanda ya dace da sulfide inclusions, haɗaɗɗun oxide, haɗaɗɗun silicate, da haɗaɗɗun spherical oxide, bi da bi.Waɗannan nau'ikan abubuwan haɗawa guda 4 an raba su zuwa matakan 9, waɗanda ke wakilta ta 0-8.Matakan da ke kusa suna haifar da bambanci sau biyu yankin haɗawa.Yawan samfurin shine tanderu ɗaya ko tarin kayan, kuma yawanci babu ƙasa da samfuran 6.Ana amfani da zane-zane guda uku don kimanta matakin haɗawa.A daidai wannan matakin, sulfide inclusions (nau'in SS) da spherical oxide inclusions (nau'in OG) an kasu kashi biyu bisa ga bambance-bambancen haɗa nisa da kauri, yayin da inclusions oxide (nau'in OA) da silicate inclusions (nau'in OS) an kasu kashi biyu. jerin uku.A cikin kowane nau'in haɗawa da kowane jeri, an ba da tsayin tsayin tsayin daka, kuma an ba da tebur na tsayin jeri wanda ya dace da haɗawar faɗuwa daban-daban.Akwai hanyoyin kimantawa guda biyu don DIN 50602-1985: Hanyar M da hanyar K.Hanyar M ita ce yin rikodin mafi girman matakin haɗawa akan duk yankin da aka bincika, kuma bayan ƙima daban-daban da yin rikodin haɗawa daban-daban a cikin samfurin da aka zaɓa, ƙididdige ma'anar lissafi.Hanyar K tana ƙididdige abubuwan haɗawa daga ƙayyadadden matakin, don haka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ya shafi musamman karafa na musamman.Don haka, mafi ƙanƙanta matakin kimantawa ya dogara da tsarin narkewar ƙarfe, amfani da kayan, da girman samfur.Lambar bayan K tana wakiltar ƙaramin adadin matakan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kimantawa ta amfani da jadawali.Misali, K4 yana nufin yawan faruwar matakan haɗawa da farawa daga mataki na 4. Matsayin haɗawa ya bambanta, kuma ƙididdigar haɗarin su kuma sun bambanta.Haɓaka mitar ta hanyar ƙididdigewa yana haifar da jimlar adadin haɗawa a cikin samfuri ɗaya.An ƙara yawan adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin duk samfurori a cikin ƙungiyar samfurin, kuma an canza sakamakon zuwa 1000 mm2, wanda shine jimlar ƙaddamarwa.K4 yawanci ana amfani dashi, kuma lokacin ƙididdigewa, nau'in OS gabaɗaya ana rarraba su azaman OA.A halin yanzu, wannan ma'aunin ya lalace kuma babu wani sabon ma'aunin da aka sabunta don maye gurbinsa.Kwamitin fasaha ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da DIN EN 10247-2007 don duba abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe.
(2) DIN EN 10247-2007
TS EN 10247-2007 Binciken microscopic na abun ciki mara ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe ta amfani da daidaitattun hotuna" ƙayyadaddun tsarin gwajin ƙarfe don abun ciki mara ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe wanda aka haɓaka dangane da sigar gwaji na DIN V EN 10247-1998 "Gwajin microscopic abun ciki mara ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe ta amfani da daidaitattun hotuna”.Wannan ma'auni yana raba abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe zuwa nau'ikan asali guda shida, waɗanda EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, da AD ke wakilta, An raba hanyoyin kimantawa zuwa hanyar P (hanyar haɗawa mafi muni), Hanyar M (mafi muni filin kallo). Hanyar), da kuma hanyar K (matsakaicin hanyar kallo), daga cikinsu M da hanyar K sun dace da DIN 50602
Bayanin a cikin 1985 daidai yake, kuma yawancin sabbin ƙa'idodin samfura a Turai sun fara yin la'akari da wannan ƙa'idar.
(3) Wasu
Ka'idodin gwajin da suka danganci binciken abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba kuma sun haɗa da: SEP 1570-1971 "Tsarin Binciken Ƙararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙarfe na Ƙarfe na Musamman", SEP 1570-1971 (Kari) Ƙididdigar Mahimman Bayanai na Ƙarfe na Musamman da Dogayen Ƙarfe, da SEP 1572-1971 "Hanyar Binciken Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙarfe na Sulfide na Ƙarfe Yanke Kyauta"
Matsayin dubawa don abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin wasu ƙasashe:
JIS G 0555: 2003 "Hanyar gwajin microscopic don abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe" (daidaicin Japan).
Hanya ce ta ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin samfuran ƙarfe na birgima ko ƙirƙira (tare da matsi na aƙalla 3).Haƙiƙanin hanyoyin dubawa don haɗawa a cikin wannan ma'auni an raba su zuwa hanyar A, Hanyar B, da hanyar ƙididdige ƙirƙira ta hanyar duba ƙaramin gani.Hanyar A da Hanyar B sun yi daidai da hanyar wakilci a cikin ISO 4967: 2013, kuma hanyar lissafin ma'ana tana wakiltar tsabtar ƙarfe ta kashi na yankin da aka mamaye ta hanyar haɗawa.Ana amfani da wannan ma'auni don kimanta dacewa da karfe don aikace-aikacen, amma saboda tasirin ra'ayi na masu gwaji, yana da wuya a cimma sakamako mai gamsarwa, don haka ana buƙatar babban adadin samfurori da tsinkaya don aikace-aikacen.
BS 7926-1998 (R2014) "Hanya mai ƙididdigewa don ƙayyade yawan adadin abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe" (Mizanin Burtaniya),
Hanyoyin daukar hoto guda biyu don tantance abun ciki na abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin simintin ƙarfe an bayyana dalla-dalla.An ƙayyadadden yanki na abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, kuma an ƙididdige adadin adadin abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin hanyoyin narkewa da tacewa guda huɗu da masana'antun ƙarfe ke amfani da su.
Sabon Gapower Metalƙwararriyar masana'anta ce ta Yanke Karfe Kyauta.Babban samfuran sun haɗa da 1212 1213 1214 1215 1140 1144 12l13 12l14,12l15 11SMn30 da dai sauransu Abokan ciniki zasu iya samun duk nau'in bututun da suke buƙata.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-25-2023