Tsarin dumama, riƙewa, da sanyaya ƙarfe a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi don haɓakawa ko canza kaddarorinsa da ƙananan ƙirarsa ana kiransa maganin zafi.Dangane da dalilai daban-daban na maganin zafi, akwai hanyoyin magance zafi daban-daban, waɗanda galibi ana iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
(1)Annealing: A cikin tanderu mai zafi mai zafi, ana ɗora ƙarfe a wani ƙimar dumama zuwa kusan 300-500 ℃ sama da matsanancin zafin jiki, kuma microstructure ɗin sa zai sha canjin lokaci ko canjin lokaci na ɗan lokaci.Alal misali, lokacin da aka yi zafi da karfe zuwa wannan zafin jiki, pearlite zai canza zuwa austenite.Sannan a rika dumama shi na wani lokaci, sannan a kwantar da shi a hankali (yawanci tare da sanyaya tanderu) har sai an sauke shi a dakin da zafin jiki.Wannan tsari gaba ɗaya ana kiransa maganin annealing.Manufar annealing shine don cire danniya na ciki da aka haifar yayin aiki mai zafi, daidaita microstructure na karfe (don samun tsarin daidaitaccen tsari), inganta kayan aikin injiniya (kamar rage taurin, ƙara yawan filastik, tauri, da ƙarfi), da haɓaka yankewa. yi.Dangane da tsarin cirewa, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daban-daban kamar ɓacin rai na yau da kullun, ɓarnawa biyu, ɓarnawar ɓarna, ɓarnawar isothermal, spheroidizing annealing, recrystallization annealing, recrystallization annealing, mai haske mai haske, ɓarke cikakke, rashin cikawa, da sauransu.
(2)Daidaitawa: A cikin wani zafi magani tanderu, da karfe ne mai tsanani a wani dumama kudi zuwa a kusa da 200-600 ℃ sama da m zafin jiki, sabõda haka, da microstructure gaba daya rikide zuwa uniform austenite (alal misali, a wannan zafin jiki, da ferrite ne gaba daya canza. a cikin austenite a cikin karfe, ko kuma siminti na biyu ya narkar da shi gaba ɗaya a cikin austenite), kuma a ajiye shi na ɗan lokaci, Sa'an nan kuma a sanya shi cikin iska don sanyaya yanayi (ciki har da sanyaya sanyi, stacking don sanyaya yanayi, ko guda ɗaya don yanayi). sanyaya cikin iska mai sanyi), kuma ana kiran tsarin gabaɗayan al'ada.Normalizing wani nau'i ne na musamman na annealing, wanda, saboda saurin sanyi fiye da annealing, zai iya samun mafi kyawun hatsi da ƙananan microstructure, inganta ƙarfi da taurin karfe, kuma yana da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya.
(3) Quenching: A cikin tanderun magani mai zafi, ana ɗora ƙarfe a wani ƙimar dumama zuwa kusan 300-500 ℃ sama da matsanancin zafin jiki, don haka microstructure gaba ɗaya ya canza zuwa austenite uniform.Bayan riƙe shi na ɗan lokaci, an kwantar da shi da sauri (matsayin sanyaya ya haɗa da ruwa, mai, ruwan gishiri, ruwan alkaline, da dai sauransu) don samun tsarin martensitic, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin, taurin, da juriya na karfe. .Saurin kwantar da hankali yayin kashewa yana haifar da sauye-sauyen tsari mai kaifi wanda ke haifar da tsananin damuwa na ciki kuma yana ƙaruwa.Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don gudanar da maganin zafin jiki ko tsufa a cikin lokaci mai dacewa don samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin ƙarfi.Gabaɗaya, maganin kashewa kawai ba a cika yin amfani da shi ba.Dangane da abu da manufar quenching magani, quenching magani za a iya raba daban-daban quenching matakai kamar talakawa quenching, cikakken quenching, rashin cika quenching, isothermal quenching, graded quenching, haske quenching, high-mita quenching, da dai sauransu.
(4) quenching surface: Wannan wata hanya ce ta musamman ta kashe magani wacce ke amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na dumama kamar dumama harshen wuta, dumama ƙararrawa mai ƙarfi, dumama ƙarar wutar lantarki, dumama wutar lantarki, dumama electrolyte, da dai sauransu don saurin dumama saman. Karfe sama da matsanancin zafin jiki, da sauri sanyaya shi kafin zafin ya iya shiga cikin karfen (watau maganin kashewa)
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-08-2023