M pickling dapassivation na bakin karfe, cire daban-daban tabo mai, tsatsa, oxide fata, solder gidajen abinci da sauran datti.Bayan jiyya, surface ne uniformly azurfa fari, ƙwarai inganta lalata juriya na bakin karfe, dace da daban-daban bakin karfe sassa, faranti da kayan aiki.
Sauƙi don aiki, dacewa don amfani, tattalin arziki da aiki, tare da ƙari na haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka mai inganci don hana lalata ƙarfe da haɓakar hydrogen, da kuma hana haɓakar hazo na acid.Musamman dacewa da ƙananan kayan aiki masu rikitarwa, waɗanda ba su dace da sutura ba, sun fi dacewa da samfurori iri ɗaya a kasuwa.
Dangane da tsananin ƙarancin ƙarfe da sikelin oxide, ana iya amfani da asalin asalin bayani ko diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1-4 kafin amfani;Ferrite, Martensite da austenitic bakin karfe tare da ƙananan abun ciki na nickel (kamar 420.430.200.201.202.300. Bayan dilution, austenitic bakin karfe tare da babban abun ciki na nickel (kamar 304), 321.316.316L, da dai sauransu) za a soya bayani;Gabaɗaya, bayan al'ada zafin jiki ko dumama zuwa 50 ~ 60 ℃, jiƙa na 3-20 minutes ko ya fi tsayi (ƙayyadadden lokaci da zafin jiki za a ƙaddara ta mai amfani bisa ga gwaji halin da ake ciki) har sai surface datti ne gaba daya cire, ko da silvery fari. , forming uniform da m m fim.Bayan an yi maganin sai a fitar da shi, a wanke shi da ruwa mai tsafta, sannan a shafe shi da ruwan alkaline ko ruwan lemun tsami.
Wajiyar da bakin karfe pickling da passivation
Bakin karfe yana da juriya mai kyau na lalata, juriya mai zafi mai zafi, ƙarancin zafin jiki mai kyau, da kyawawan kayan inji da R.Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sinadarai, man fetur, wutar lantarki, injiniyan nukiliya, sararin samaniya, ruwa, likitanci, masana'antar haske, masana'anta da sauran sassa.Babban manufarsa shine hana lalata da tsatsa.A lalata juriya na bakin karfe yafi dogara a kan surface passivation fim.Idan fim ɗin bai cika ba ko maras kyau, bakin karfe zai ci gaba da lalacewa.Acid pickling da passivation ana amfani dashi a aikin injiniya don haɓaka juriyar lalata bakin karfe.A lokacin samuwar, taro, waldi, Weld dubawa (kamar aibi ganowa, matsa lamba gwajin), da kuma yi alama aiwatar da bakin karfe kayan aiki da aka gyara, surface man stains, tsatsa, wadanda ba karfe datti, low narkewa batu karfe pollutants, Paint, waldi slag, da splashes iya rinjayar da surface ingancin bakin karfe kayan aiki da aka gyara, lalata da oxide fim a kan su surface, rage m da gida lalata na karfe (ciki har da pitting lalata), rata lalata), kuma ko da kai ga danniya lalata fatattaka. .
Tsaftace saman bakin karfe, pickling da passivation ba zai iya inganta juriya kawai ba har zuwa matsakaicin matsayi, amma kuma yana hana gurɓataccen samfur kuma cimma tasirin ado.GBl50-1998 "Tsarin Matsalolin Karfe" ya nuna cewa saman kwantena da aka yi da bakin karfe da faranti mai hade da karfe ya kamata a tsince su da wuce gona da iri.Wannan ƙa'idar ta shafi tasoshin matsa lamba da ake amfani da su a masana'antar petrochemical.Yayin da ake amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin a cikin yanayin da suka shiga cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata, ya zama dole a ba da shawarar zabar acid da wucewa daga hangen nesa na tabbatar da juriya da lalata.Ga sauran sassan masana'antu, idan ba don rigakafin lalata ba, yana dogara ne kawai akan buƙatun tsabta da ƙayatarwa, yayin da bakin karfe baya buƙatar pickling da wucewa.Amma welds na bakin karfe kayan aiki kuma bukatar pickling da passivation Ga wasu sinadaran kayan aiki tare da tsananin buƙatun don amfani, ban da acid tsaftacewa da passivation, high tsarki matsakaici kuma za a yi amfani da karshe lafiya tsaftacewa ko inji tsaftacewa, kammala sunadarai da Electropolishing.
Ka'idodin Taɓar Karfe Bakin Karfe da Passivation
Juriya na lalacewa na bakin karfe ya samo asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an rufe saman da wani fim mai mahimmanci na bakin ciki (kimanin 1) nm), wanda ke ware matsakaicin lalata kuma yana aiki a matsayin shinge na asali don kariya ta bakin karfe.Passivation na bakin karfe yana da halaye masu ƙarfi kuma bai kamata a yi la'akari da shi azaman cikakken ƙarewar lalata ba.Madadin haka, ya kamata a samar da shingen shinge mai yaduwa, wanda zai rage yawan halayen anode.Yawancin lokaci, idan akwai wakili mai ragewa (irin su ions chloride), membrane yana kula da lalacewa, kuma idan akwai wakili na oxidizing (kamar iska), ana iya kiyaye membrane ko gyarawa.
Bakin karfe workpieces sanya a cikin iska za su samar da wani oxide fim, amma su kariya ba cikakke.Yawancin lokaci, ana yin tsaftacewa sosai da farko, ciki har da alkaline da wanke acid, sannan kuma wucewa tare da oxidant don tabbatar da mutunci da kwanciyar hankali na fim din wucewa.Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan pickling shine don ƙirƙirar yanayi masu kyau don maganin wucewa da kuma tabbatar da samar da fina-finai masu inganci.Wankan Acid yana haifar da lalata a saman bakin karfe tare da matsakaicin kauri na 10m.Ayyukan sinadarai na maganin acid yana haifar da adadin rushewar yanki ya zama mafi girma fiye da na sauran sassan saman.Don haka, wanke-wanke na acid zai iya sa duk faɗin saman ya daidaita daidai kuma ya kawar da wasu haɗarin lalata.Amma mafi mahimmanci, ta hanyar tsintsawar acid da wucewa, baƙin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe oxides suna narkar da fiye da chromium da chromium oxides, suna cire ƙarancin chromium Layer, yana haifar da chromium mai arziki a saman bakin karfe.Mahimmancin fim ɗin wucewar chromium mai arziki zai iya kaiwa + 1.0V (SCE), wanda ke kusa da yuwuwar yuwuwar karafa masu daraja kuma yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na juriya na lalata.Jiyya na wucewa daban-daban kuma na iya rinjayar abun da ke ciki da tsarin fim ɗin, ta haka yana shafar juriyar lalatarsa.Misali, ta hanyar gyaran gyare-gyaren lantarki, fim ɗin wucewa zai iya samun tsari mai yawa kuma ya samar da CrO3 ko Cr2O3 a cikin shingen shinge, ko samar da fim ɗin gilashin oxide don haɓaka juriya na lalata bakin karfe.
1.Bakin karfe pickling da passivation hanya
Ana amfani da hanyar impregnation don sassan da za'a iya sanyawa a cikin tankuna na pickling ko passivation, amma bai dace da amfani da dogon lokaci na maganin pickling a cikin manyan kayan aiki ba, tare da ingantaccen samarwa da ƙananan farashi;Babban kayan aikin ƙara yana cike da maganin acid, kuma yawan ruwa na nutsewa ya yi yawa.
Ya dace da saman ciki da kuma ayyukan jiki na gida na manyan kayan aiki.Yanayin aiki mara kyau da rashin iya dawo da maganin acid.
Ana amfani da hanyar manna akan shigarwa ko wuraren kulawa, musamman don ayyukan hannu a cikin sashin walda.Yanayin aiki ba shi da kyau kuma farashin samarwa yana da yawa.
Ana amfani da hanyar fesa a kan wurin shigarwa, tare da ƙananan ƙarar ruwa a kan bangon ciki na manyan kwantena, ƙananan farashi, da sauri, amma yana buƙatar daidaitawar bindigar feshi da tsarin kewayawa.
Ana amfani da hanyar kewayawa don manyan kayan aiki, irin su masu musayar zafi.Gina bututu da maganin harsashi ya dace, kuma ana iya sake amfani da maganin acid.Yana buƙatar haɗin bututu da famfo zuwa tsarin kewayawa.
Hanyoyin lantarki ba za a iya amfani da su kawai don sassa ba, amma har ma don maganin saman kayan aiki a kan shafin.Fasahar tana da rikitarwa kuma tana buƙatar wutar lantarki ta DC ko potentiostat.
2.Pickling da passivation tafiyar matakai
Zazzagewa da tsaftace datti → Wanke sashin tsarkakewar ruwa → Ragewa → Wanka da ruwa mai tsafta → Busasshiyar bushewa
3.Pretreatment kafin pickling da passivation
3.1 Dangane da buƙatun zane-zane da takaddun aiwatarwa, aiwatar da tsinkar acid da pre-magani a kan kwantena bakin karfe ko sassa bayan masana'anta.
3. Weld dinki da waldi slag a garesu.Tsaftace fantsama, kuma a yi amfani da man fetur ko mai tsaftacewa don cire tabon mai da sauran datti a saman sassan sarrafa kwantena.
3.3 Lokacin cire abubuwa na waje a bangarorin biyu na kabu na weld, yi amfani da goga na bakin karfe, shebur bakin karfe ko dabaran niƙa don cire su, kuma kurkura su da ruwa mai tsabta (tare da abun ciki na chloride wanda bai wuce 25mg/l ba).
Lokacin da tabon mai ya yi tsanani, yi amfani da maganin alkaline na 3-5% don cire tabon mai kuma kurkura sosai da ruwa mai tsabta.
3. Mechanical yashi ayukan iska mai ƙarfi zai iya cire oxide fata na bakin karfe Wuraren aiki masu zafi, kuma yashi dole ne ya zama siliki mai tsabta ko aluminum oxide.
3.6 Haɓaka matakan tsaro don tarawa da wucewa, da ƙayyade kayan aikin da suka dace da kayan aikin kariya na aiki.
4.Acid pickling, passivation bayani da manna dabara
4.1 dabarar maganin wankin acid: nitric acid (1).42) 20%, hydrofluoric acid 5%, sauran kuma ruwa ne.Abin da ke sama shine adadin ƙarar.
4.2 Acid tsaftacewa cream dabara: 20 milliliters na hydrochloric acid (rabo 1.19), 100 milliliters na ruwa, 30 milliliters na nitric acid (rabo 1.42), da kuma 150 grams na bentonite.
4. Tsarin bayani na Passivation: nitric acid (rabo 1).42) 5%, Potassium dichromate 4g, sauran ruwa ne.Kashi na sama na faɗuwa, zafin jiki na wucewa shine zafin jiki.
4.4 Passivation manna dabara: 30ml nitric acid (maida hankali 67%), 4g Potassium dichromate, ƙara bentonite (100-200 raga) da motsawa don manna.
5.Acid pickling da passivation aiki
5.1 Sai kawai kwantena ko abubuwan da aka yi pickling da pre-jiyya za su iya shan pickling da passivation.
5. 2 Ana amfani da maganin pickling na acid musamman don magance ƙananan sassan da ba a sarrafa su ba, kuma ana iya fesa su.Ya kamata a duba zafin jiki na maganin kowane minti 10 a zafin jiki na 21-60 ℃ har sai an gama gamawar farin acid ɗin uniform.
5.3 Pickling manna Pickling ya dace da manyan kwantena ko sarrafa gida.A dakin da zafin jiki, a ko'ina a tsaftace pickling manna a kan kayan aiki (kimanin 2-3mm lokacin farin ciki), bar shi tsawon sa'a daya, sa'an nan kuma a hankali brushing da ruwa ko bakin karfe goga har sai uniform fari etching gama ya bayyana.
5.4 Maganin wucewa ya fi dacewa da gabaɗayan jiyya na ƙananan kwantena ko abubuwan da aka gyara, kuma ana iya nutsewa ko fesa.Lokacin da zazzabi zafin jiki ne 48-60 ℃, duba kowane minti 20, da kuma lokacin da mafita zafin jiki ne 21-47 ℃, duba kowane sa'a har sai uniform passivation fim da aka kafa a kan surface.
5.5 Manna wucewa ya fi dacewa da manyan kwantena ko sarrafa gida.Ana yin amfani da shi daidai a saman kwandon da aka tsince (kimanin 2-3mm) a cikin dakin da zafin jiki kuma a duba shi na tsawon awa 1 har sai an samar da fim din wucewa na uniform a saman.
5.6 Acid pickling da passivation kwantena ko sassa dole ne a wanke da ruwa mai tsabta a kan surface., Yi amfani da acidic litmus gwajin takarda don gwada wani ɓangare na wanke surface, domin kurkura surface da ruwa tare da pH darajar tsakanin 6.5 da 7.5, sannan a goge ko busa shi da matsewar iska.
5.7.Bayan pickling da passivation, an haramta tozarta fim ɗin wucewa lokacin sarrafawa, ɗagawa, da adana kwantena da sassa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-08-2023