Maganin zafi mataki ne mai matukar muhimmanci wajen sarrafa kayan karfe.Maganin zafi na iya canza kayan jiki da na inji na kayan ƙarfe, inganta taurinsu, ƙarfi, tauri, da sauran kaddarorin.
Don tabbatar da cewa tsarin ƙirar samfurin yana da aminci, abin dogara, tattalin arziki, da inganci, injiniyoyin tsarin gabaɗaya suna buƙatar fahimtar kaddarorin injiniyoyi na kayan, zaɓi hanyoyin magance zafi da suka dace dangane da buƙatun ƙira da halayen kayan aiki, da haɓaka ayyukansu tsawon rayuwa.Wadannan su ne matakai 13 na maganin zafi da suka danganci kayan karfe, da fatan su zama masu taimako ga kowa da kowa.
1. Annealing
Tsarin maganin zafi wanda kayan ƙarfe ke dumama zuwa yanayin da ya dace, kiyaye shi na ɗan lokaci, sa'an nan kuma a hankali sanyaya.Manufar annealing shine yafi don rage taurin kayan ƙarfe, inganta filastik, sauƙaƙe yanke ko sarrafa matsa lamba, rage yawan damuwa, inganta daidaituwar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da abun da ke ciki, ko shirya microstructure don maganin zafi na gaba.Hanyoyin shafewa na gama-gari sun haɗa da recrystallization annealing, cikakken annealing, spheroidization annealing, da kuma kawar da damuwa.
Cikakkun annealing: Tace girman hatsi, tsari iri ɗaya, rage taurin, cikakken kawar da damuwa na ciki.Cikakken annealing ya dace da ƙirƙira ko simintin ƙarfe tare da abun ciki na carbon (ƙasasshen taro) ƙasa da 0.8%.
Spheroidizing annealing: yana rage taurin karfe, yana inganta aikin yankewa, kuma yana shirya quenching na gaba don rage nakasawa da fatattaka bayan quenching.Spheroidizing annealing ya dace da carbon karfe da gami kayan aiki karfe tare da abun ciki na carbon (jari juzu'i) fiye da 0.8%.
Rage damuwa da damuwa: Yana kawar da damuwa na ciki da aka haifar yayin waldawa da gyaran sanyi na sassa na karfe, yana kawar da damuwa na ciki da aka haifar a lokacin yin daidaitattun sassa, kuma yana hana nakasa yayin sarrafawa da amfani na gaba.Rage damuwa ya dace da yin simintin gyaran kafa daban-daban, na jabu, sassa masu walda, da sassa masu sanyi.
2. Daidaitawa
Yana nufin tsarin kula da zafi na dumama ƙarfe ko kayan ƙarfe zuwa zafin jiki na 30-50 ℃ sama da Ac3 ko Acm (mafi mahimmancin zafin jiki na ƙarfe), riƙe su don lokacin da ya dace, da sanyaya su cikin iska.Manufar al'ada shine yafi inganta kayan aikin injiniya na ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, inganta kayan aiki, tsaftace girman hatsi, kawar da lahani, da kuma shirya tsarin don maganin zafi na gaba.
3. Quenching
Yana nufin tsarin kula da zafi na dumama ɓangaren ƙarfe zuwa zafin jiki sama da Ac3 ko Ac1 (ƙananan yanayin zafin karfe), riƙe shi na wani ɗan lokaci, sannan samun tsarin martensite (ko bainite) dace sanyaya kudi.Manufar quenching shine don samun tsarin martensitic da ake buƙata don sassa na ƙarfe, haɓaka taurin, ƙarfi, da juriya na aikin aikin, da shirya tsarin don maganin zafi na gaba.
Hanyoyin quenching na yau da kullun sun haɗa da quenching gishiri, quenching martensitic, bainite isothermal quenching, quenching surface, da quenching na gida.
Rushewar ruwa guda ɗaya: Ƙunƙarar ruwa guda ɗaya yana aiki ne kawai ga ƙarfe na carbon da sassan ƙarfe tare da ingantattun siffofi da ƙananan buƙatun fasaha.A lokacin quenching, don sassan ƙarfe na carbon tare da diamita ko kauri fiye da 5-8mm, ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwan gishiri ko sanyaya ruwa;Alloy karfe sassa ana sanyaya da mai.
Ruwa biyu quenching: zafi sassa karfe zuwa quenching zafin jiki, bayan rufi, da sauri sanyaya su a cikin ruwa zuwa 300-400 º C, sa'an nan kuma canja su zuwa mai don sanyaya.
quenching na harshen wuta: Flame surface quenching dace da babban matsakaici carbon karfe da matsakaici carbon gami karfe sassa, kamar crankshafts, gears, da jagora dogo, da bukatar wuya da lalacewa-resistant saman kuma iya jure tasiri lodi a guda ko kananan tsari samar. .
Tauraruwar shigar da saman: Sassan da aka yi taurin induction saman suna da ƙasa mai ƙarfi da juriya, yayin da suke riƙe da ƙarfi da ƙarfi a ainihin.Tauraruwar induction saman ya dace da matsakaicin ƙarfe na carbon da sassan ƙarfe na gami tare da matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon.
4. Haushi
Yana nufin tsarin kula da zafi inda ake kashe sassan ƙarfe sannan a dumama su zuwa zafin da ke ƙasa da Ac1, riƙe na wani ɗan lokaci, sannan a sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki.Manufar zafin jiki shine don kawar da danniya da sassa na karfe ke haifarwa yayin kashewa, ta yadda sassan karfe suna da tsayin daka da juriya, da kuma filastik da ake bukata.Hanyoyin zafin jiki na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ƙananan zafin jiki, zafin jiki na matsakaici, zafi mai zafi, da dai sauransu.
Ƙananan zafin jiki: Ƙananan zafin jiki yana kawar da damuwa na ciki wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin sassa na karfe, kuma ana amfani da shi don yanke kayan aiki, kayan aikin aunawa, molds, rolling bearings, da carburized sassa.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki: Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana ba da sassa na ƙarfe damar cimma babban elasticity, wasu tauri, da tauri, kuma ana amfani da su gabaɗaya don nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa daban-daban, stamping mai zafi ya mutu, da sauran sassa.
High zafin jiki tempering: High zafin jiki tempering sa karfe sassa don cimma mai kyau m inji Properties, wato high ƙarfi, tauri, da isasshen taurin, kawar da ciki danniya lalacewa ta hanyar quenching.Ana amfani da shi musamman don mahimman sassa na tsari waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kamar su igiya, crankshafts, cams, gears, da sanduna masu haɗawa.
5. Quenching&Tmpering
Yana nufin tsarin sarrafa zafi da aka haɗa na quenching da tempering karfe ko kayan ƙarfe.Karfe da ake amfani da shi wajen kashewa da maganin zafin jiki ana kiransa karfen da ake kashewa da mai zafi.Gabaɗaya yana nufin matsakaicin tsarin ƙarfe na carbon da matsakaicin tsarin ƙarfe na ƙirar carbon alloy.
6. Maganin zafi na sinadarai
Tsarin kula da zafi wanda aka sanya ƙarfe ko kayan aiki na gami a cikin matsakaici mai aiki a wani yanayin zafin jiki don rufewa, yana barin ɗaya ko fiye da abubuwa su shiga cikin saman sa don canza tsarin sinadarai, tsari, da aikin sa.Manufar maganin zafi na sinadarai shine yafi inganta taurin saman, sa juriya, juriya na lalata, ƙarfin gajiya, da juriya na iskar shaka na sassan karfe.Hanyoyin kula da zafin jiki na yau da kullun sun haɗa da carburization, nitriding, carbonitriding, da sauransu.
Carburization: Don cimma babban taurin (HRC60-65) da kuma sa juriya a saman, yayin da yake riƙe babban ƙarfi a tsakiya.Ana amfani da shi don jure lalacewa da sassa masu juriya kamar su ƙafafu, gears, shafts, fistan fistan, da sauransu.
Nitriding: Inganta taurin, sa juriya, da juriya na lalacewa na saman Layer na sassa na karfe, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a mahimman sassa kamar kusoshi, goro, da fil.
Carbonitriding: inganta taurin da lalacewa juriya na surface Layer na karfe sassa, dace da low carbon karfe, matsakaici carbon karfe, ko gami karfe sassa, kuma za a iya amfani da high-gudun karfe yankan kayan aikin.
7. Magani mai ƙarfi
Yana nufin tsarin kula da zafi na dumama gami zuwa wani yanki mai zafi mai zafi guda ɗaya da kuma kiyaye yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, ƙyale lokacin wuce gona da iri don narke gabaɗaya a cikin ingantaccen bayani sannan kuma cikin sauri sanyi don samun ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfi.Manufar maganin maganin shine yafi inganta filastik da taurin karfe da gami, da kuma shirya maganin tauraruwar hazo.
8. Hazo hardening (ƙarfafa hazo)
Tsarin maganin zafi wanda ƙarfe ke yin taurin kai saboda rarrabuwar atom ɗin solute a cikin ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfi da/ko tarwatsa narkar da barbashi a cikin matrix.Idan austenitic hazo bakin karfe ne hõre hazo hardening magani a 400-500 ℃ ko 700-800 ℃ bayan m bayani jiyya ko sanyi aiki, zai iya cimma high ƙarfi.
9. Magani akan lokaci
Yana nufin tsarin kula da zafi a cikin abin da kayan aikin alloy ke sha magani mai ƙarfi, nakasar filastik mai sanyi ko simintin gyare-gyare, sannan ana ƙirƙira, sanya su a mafi girman zafin jiki ko kiyaye su a cikin zafin jiki, kuma kaddarorin su, siffarsu, da girmansu suna canzawa akan lokaci.
Idan tsarin kula da tsufa na dumama workpiece zuwa zafin jiki mafi girma da kuma gudanar da maganin tsufa na dogon lokaci an karɓi shi, ana kiran shi maganin tsufa na wucin gadi;A tsufa sabon abu da ke faruwa a lokacin da workpiece da aka adana a dakin zafin jiki ko na halitta yanayi na dogon lokaci da ake kira halitta tsufa magani.Manufar maganin tsufa shine kawar da damuwa na ciki a cikin aikin aiki, daidaita tsarin da girman, da inganta kayan aikin injiniya.
10. Tauri
Yana nufin halayen da ke ƙayyade zurfin quenching da rarraba taurin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi.Ƙarfe mai kyau ko mara kyau na karfe ana wakilta shi ta hanyar zurfin Layer Layer.Mafi girman zurfin zurfin Layer, mafi kyawun ƙarfin ƙarfe.Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin ƙarfe ya dogara ne akan nau'in sinadarai, musamman ma abubuwan gami da girman hatsi waɗanda ke ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi, dumama zafin jiki, da ɗaukar lokaci.Karfe tare da taurin mai kyau na iya cimma daidaitattun kaddarorin injina a ko'ina cikin sassan ƙarfen, kuma ana iya zaɓar wakilai masu kashewa tare da ƙarancin kashewa don rage nakasawa da fashewa.
11. Diamita mai mahimmanci (mahimman diamita na kashewa)
Matsakaicin mahimmancin diamita yana nufin matsakaicin diamita na ƙarfe lokacin da aka samo duk tsarin martensite ko 50% martensite a tsakiyar bayan kashewa a cikin wani matsakaici.Ana iya samun mahimmancin diamita na wasu karafa gabaɗaya ta gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfi a cikin mai ko ruwa.
12. Sakandire hardening
Wasu alluran ƙarfe-carbon (kamar ƙarfe mai sauri) suna buƙatar hawan zafin jiki da yawa don ƙara taurinsu.Wannan sabon abu mai tauri, wanda aka sani da hardening na biyu, yana haifar da hazo na musamman carbides da / ko canjin austenite zuwa martensite ko bainite.
13. Tsananin zafin jiki
Yana nufin al'amarin ƙumburi na baƙin ƙarfe mai zafi a wasu jeri na zafin jiki ko kuma a hankali sanyaya daga zafin zafin jiki ta wannan kewayon zafin.Za'a iya raba ɓarnar fushi zuwa nau'in tashin hankali na farko da nau'in tashin hankali na biyu.
Nau'in tashin hankali na farko, wanda kuma aka sani da rashin jujjuyawar fushi, galibi yana faruwa ne a yanayin zafin jiki na 250-400 ℃.Bayan raunin da ya ɓace bayan ya sake yin zafi, ana maimaita raguwa a cikin wannan kewayon kuma ba ya faruwa;
Nau'in tashin hankali na biyu, wanda kuma aka sani da reversible temper brittleness, yana faruwa ne a yanayin zafi daga 400 zuwa 650 ℃.Lokacin da brittleness ya ɓace bayan sake yin zafi, ya kamata a sanyaya shi da sauri kuma kada ya tsaya na dogon lokaci ko jinkirin sanyaya a cikin kewayon 400 zuwa 650 ℃, in ba haka ba al'amuran catalytic zasu sake faruwa.
Lamarin da ke faruwa na guguwar fushi yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe, kamar su manganese, chromium, silicon, da nickel, waɗanda ke haifar da tashin hankali, yayin da molybdenum da tungsten ke da alaƙa da rauni.
Sabon Gapower karfeƙwararren mai sarrafa kayan ƙarfe ne.Karfe bututu, nada da mashaya karfe maki hada ST35 ST37 ST44 ST52 42CRMO4, S45C CK45 SAE4130 SAE4140 SCM440 da dai sauransu Maraba abokin ciniki don tambaya da ziyarci factory.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-23-2023