Aikin injiniya nabututun ƙarfe mara nauyiwata muhimmiyar manufa ce don tabbatar da aiki na ƙarshe (aiki na injiniya) na karfe, wanda ya dogara da nau'in sinadarai da ka'idojin kula da zafi na karfe.A cikin ƙayyadaddun bututun ƙarfe, aikin ƙwanƙwasa (ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi ko ma'aunin ƙima, haɓakawa), taurin kai da maƙasudin dorewa, da kuma manyan ayyuka masu ƙarancin zafi da masu amfani ke buƙata, an ƙayyade bisa ga buƙatun amfani daban-daban.
① Ƙarfin ƙarfi (σb)
Matsakaicin ƙarfin (Fb) da aka karɓa ta samfurin a lokacin aikin haɓakawa a lokacin hutu, raba ta hanyar damuwa da aka samu ta hanyar rarraba asalin yanki na yanki (So) na samfurin /mm2 (MPa).Yana nuna iyakar ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da lalacewa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfi.
② Matsayin biyayya (σs)
Damuwar abin da kayan ƙarfe tare da al'ada mai ban sha'awa zai iya ci gaba da haɓakawa ba tare da ƙarin ƙarfi ba (ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali) a lokacin tsarin shimfidawa ana kiransa ma'ana.Idan an sami raguwar ƙarfi, ya kamata a bambanta manyan abubuwan samar da ƙasa da ƙasa.Naúrar ma'aunin yarda shine N/mm2 (MPa).
Babban juzu'in juzu'i (σ Su): Matsakaicin damuwa na samfurin kafin farkon raguwar ƙarfi saboda haɓakawa;Ma'anar rarrabawa (σ SL): Matsakaicin danniya a cikin matakin samarwa lokacin da ba a yi la'akari da tasirin farko nan take ba.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta wurin jujjuyawar ita ce:
A cikin ma'anar: Fs - ƙarfin lanƙwasa a lokacin aikin jujjuyawar samfurin (barga), N (Newton) Don haka - ainihin yanki na yanki na samfurin, mm2.
③ Elongation bayan karaya (σ)
A cikin gwaji mai ƙarfi, adadin tsayin da aka ƙara zuwa tsayin ma'auni na samfurin bayan karya idan aka kwatanta da ainihin tsayin ma'aunin ana kiransa elongation.tare da σ Yana nuna cewa rukunin shine%.Tsarin lissafin shine:
A cikin ma'auni: L1- ma'auni tsawon samfurin bayan karaya, mm;L0- Tsawon ma'auni na asali na samfurin, mm.
④Yawan rage sashi( ψ )
A cikin gwaje-gwajen juzu'i, matsakaicin raguwa a cikin yanki mai raguwa a raguwar diamita na samfurin bayan karya ana kiransa kashi na ainihin yanki na yanki, wanda ake kira raguwar raguwa.tare daψ Yana nuna cewa rukunin shine%.Tsarin lissafin shine kamar haka:
A cikin tsari: S0- Asalin yanki na yanki na samfurin, mm2;S1- Matsakaicin yanki na giciye a raguwar diamita na samfurin bayan karaya, mm2.
⑤Taurin manufa(HB)
Ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da matsa lamba na abubuwa masu wuya a saman ana kiransa taurin.Dangane da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban da jeri na aikace-aikace, taurin za a iya ƙara zuwa kashi na Brinell taurin, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, Shore hardness, microhardness, da matsanancin zafin jiki.Akwai nau'ikan bututu guda uku da aka saba amfani da su: Brinell, Rockwell, da taurin Vickers.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-14-2023